Introduction The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is about 20% in men aged 40 or above. Other than benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urethral diverticulum or calculus is not uncommon for LUTS in men. Surgical treatment is often recommended for urethral diverticulum or calculus, but treatment for an impacted urethral calculus complicated by a stone-containing diverticulum is challenging. Materials and Methods An 82-year-old man had the persistence of LUTS despite having undergone transurethral resection of prostate for BPH. Regardless of treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and an α-blocker, LUTS and post-void residual urine volume (100 mL) did not improve although repeated urinalysis showed reduction of WBCs from 100 to 10 per high power field. Further radiology revealed multiple urethral calculi and the stone configuration suggested the existence of a diverticulum. He was successfully treated without resecting the urethral diverticulum; and a new generation of ultrasound lithotripsy (EMS, Nyon, Switzerland) through a 22F offset rigid Storz nephroscope (Karl Storz, Tuttingen, Germany) was used to fragment the stones. Results The operative time was 30 minutes and the stones were cleanly removed. The patient was discharged after 48 hours with no immediate complications and free of LUTS during a 2 years follow-up. Conclusions When the diverticulum is the result of a dilatation behind a calculus, removal of the calculus is all that is necessary. Compared with open surgery, ultrasound lithotripsy is less invasive with little harm to urethral mucosa; and more efficient as it absorbs stone fragments while crushing stones.

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for statistical optimization of jiean-peptide (JAA) production by Bacillus subtilis ZK8 cells adsorbed on wood chips to form a novel fermentation system. The Plackett-Burman design was used in the first step to evaluate the effects of eight factors, including six fermentation medium components and two cell adsorption conditions. Among the variables screened, soybean meal hydrolysate (SMH) and MgSO4·7H2O in the fermentation medium had significanteffects on JAA production. In the second step, the concentrations of SMH and MgSO4·7H2O were further optimized using central composite designs and response surface analysis. The optimized concentration of SMH and MgSO4·7H2O was 24% (v/v) and 0.38% (w/v), respectively, which increased the production of JAA in a shake flask system by 41% relative to optimization of a single variable component of the culture medium.

Uma série de benzotiazóis 2-substituídos foi sintetizada pela condensação de 2-aminotiofenol com aldeídos (RCHO: R = Alquil, Aril, Heteroaril, 2-Arilformil) na presença de quantidade catalítica de brometo de cetiltrimetil amônio (CTAB) em água e sem adição de solventes orgânicos e oxidantes. Assim, usando esse protocolo, 2-alquilbenzotiazóis foram sintetizados em altos rendimentos e 2-arilformilbenzotiazóis foram obtidos pela condensação de 2-aminotiofenol com arilformil aldeídos pela primeira vez.

A series of 2-substituted benzothiazoles have been synthesized by the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with aldehydes (RCHO: R = Alkyl, Aryl, Heteroaryl, 2-Arylformyl) in the presence of a catalytic amount of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) "on water" by a one-pot procedure without additional organic solvents and oxidants. Thereinto, 2-alkylbenzothiazoles were synthesized in high yields and 2-arylformylbenzothiazoles were obtained from the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with arylformyl aldehydes for the first time using the present protocol.

Vários pirróis N-substituídos foram sintetizados pela reação de γ-dicetonas (R¹C(O)CH2CH2C(O)R²: R¹, R² = Me, Ph) com aminas (RNH2: R = Alkyl, Aryl, TsNH) ou diaminas (1,6-diaminohexano and 1,2-diaminoetano) na presença de tribrometo de índio, tricloreto de índio ou trifluorometanossulfonato de índio a temperatura ambiente e sem solventes. O protocolo envolve operações simples e os produtos são isolados em excelentes rendimentos (81-98%).

A variety of N-substituted pyrroles have been synthesized by reacting γ-diketones (R¹C(O)CH2CH2C(O)R²: R¹, R² = Me, Ph) with amines (RNH2: R=Alkyl, Aryl, TsNH) or diamines (1,6-diaminohexane and 1,2-diaminoethane) in the presence of indium tribromide, indium trichloride or indium trifluoromethanesulfonate at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The experiment protocol features simple operations, and the products are isolated in high to excellent yields (81-98%).